that of the possessors of an educational certificate, such as working-class wom~n usually do not possess, and that of the owners of property of a certain value. Thus the ostensible concession of women's suffrage is in reality a step away from universal suffrage, and a return to plural votes for the propertied class as against the single vote of the proletarian. · The new law governing Parliamentary elections is so framed as to give the Government party 356 seats in Parlian1ent out of the total of 535, even if it obtains no more than a quarter of the votes cast. The list of the 3.56 Deputies of the majority is determined, name by name, by the Prime Minister of the Government in power. The minority parties may only divide among themselves 179 seats in Parliament, even if they gain together more than half the votes cast. The Italian municipal elections of 1923 took place virtually everywhere amid violence and intimidation. Before and during the elections the Fascist Militia was mobilized and fully armed. As a rule the Opposition parties were unable even to present their lists of candidates, and iri many hundreds of Communes the Fascists ran both n1ajority and minority candidates. This is a sample Fascist electoral manifesto : A CHI NON VOTA ,:...:,;;:::=~~•== :Mt.::A>L~ ("For those who don't vote!") XV.-THE Mu1ILATION OF THE LocAL AUTHORITIES. In Italy, especially Northern Italy, the Con1mune. has a long history of achievement. In the New Provinces won fron1 Austria the decentralised local administration had given remarkable results in simplicity and rapidity BibliotecaGino Bianco
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