NOVEMBER,1946 nonconformismsofthepasthavebecometooeasilyinstitu- tionalized,ashasQuakerism,butthereissomelifeleft!We hopethathisRadicalismwillnotbecomeasect,likethe TrotskyitesortheQuakers,oreventoadegreetheF.O.R., butwillratherhaveacreativeinfluenceinalltheseplaces wheremenarewilingtocomeoutfromconformity,onthe bassi oftheirideals. ButalthoughthelibertarianismandradicalismofMacdonalds' ethics I feelaspecialneedof forQuakerism,for example,hasseriouslylackedthemin itsownbrand of nonconformism;yetperhapsthemostseriouscontributionan ex-Marxistnonconformistcanmakeistoteachustoanalyze history,asMarxmeantto,soastolearnifpossiblewhatare themovementsinitwhichmaybeofusetoanidealist,as anotherarmthanhisdirectnonconformism,towardremold- ingtheworldwhileheislivinginit. ItisherethatMacdonold'spoeticsense,combinedwithapossiblefailuretofolow throughintheanalysisoftheWesternRevolutionandthe meaningofMarx'roleinit,maydomorethanproducean odterminology.Itmayleadhimtoforgethistoryaltogether. MARSHALLHODGSON HEAVENLYECONOMICS Mostpeoplefind it amajorproblemtokeepincomeandoutgo properlybalanced. Abusinesswomanhadreceived,one year, a smalincrease in salary, butwas told by heremployer that there wasnopossibility of hergettinganother for twoyears.However, shewasgrateful for her raise.Although thenewsalarydidnot adequatelycompensateher for theworkshewasdoing,sherefused toacceptthesuggestionof limitation to herprogress. Thiswomanwas aChristianScientist, andsobegantostudyto gaina spiritualsenseof valuesand a rightconceptof whatcon- stitutestrueincrease. . . . Sheno longer feltconcernedabout a salarymeasuredindollars,butacceptedunderstandinglythebasic factthat all shecouldpossiblyneedwasprovidedbyGod,whose lawsupersedeseventhemost rigidhumanpoliciesand plans.At theendof a year cf prayerful effort tomaintain this truth- in her thinking,thisworkerwasgiventhelargestsalaryincreasethecom- panyhadevergrantedher. It wasgratefullyreceived,but what wasvaluedfarmorewastheproofofGod'severpresentprovidence, whichannuledthelimitationsofmortal thinking. . . . Greatlycomforted, thewomancontinued to rejoice daily over her increased understandingofthetruenatureofsupply. . . .Eventhoughshedid notseehowherneedwastobemet,sheacceptedthespiritual fact thatsupply,havingitssourceinGod,isconstant. —"TheChristianScienceMonitor,"June13. WHYONEGETSDISCOURAGEDSOMETIMES Inthecreationof anyworkof art,whether asymphony, apaint- ing,or aperfume,thegreat is not frequentlyachieved,themasterpiecenot readilyattained.That is why the launching of a new perfume by Coty is aninternationalevent—why,inevitably, it is a rareevent.'Muse' is theclimaxof eightyears of sensitivecompos- ing,markedbymanymomentsofdiscouragementbutcrownedby ultimatetriumph. . . . 'Muse' isdestinedtobecomeaclassic;growing evergreaterwiththepassageoftime. It is aperfumefor thewoman whohas the instinct torecognize amasterpieceat its inception. %pagead,publishedatvastexpenseinthe"N. Y.Times"for April9. Thisis the storyofGriGri.GriGri ispronouncedGreeGree,and soundsa bit like thelove call of a lonely littlecricket lost in the ecstaticcontemplationof adewdrop. . . . GriGri isnotfor the in- flamed, theaaohais,butEros,GodofLove, mayhaveused it when heWas young. . . We createdGriGribecause it will replacenicely theblockbusterandrobotbomb;becausesomeonemaywritesoon againa "WhatPriceGlory" showandbecausewedreamthat eventualyEvemayremembertowhisperagain"yours. ven' . truly." —ful-Pagead,purchasedatevenvasterexpensebyParfumsWeil, Inthe"N.Y.Times"forApril11. "DEMOCRACYINAMERICA,"VOL.HI JustArrived atAltman's—ExquisiteFrenchLingerie—One-of-a- KindSlips—from$69.50to$265.00. 7 4 in"N_v t a Biblioteca'CM)1!iClitt5• 361 Books ARTANDSOCIALNATURE.ByPaulGoodman.VincoPublishingCo.,500East161St., NewYork56,N. Y.$3.00 PaulGoodman's writingsseemtoarousethemostviolent feelingsinmanyotherwiseequablepeople.Contempt,ridicule, indignation.Hisstyletheyfindprecious,hismatter,out- rageous.I, too,findGoodman'sstyleforthemostpartmanneredandirritatingthoughheiscapableonoccasionofmas- terlyefectsandeloquenceconcentratedtothepointofepigram. I,too, wishhewouldwritelessandbetter,wouldput morefleshontheapodicticbonesofhisideas,andwouldhaul downthebanner:Pourepaterlesbourgeois. (Thatwasthe motoofTheHedonists, aselectclubofthreetowhichIbelongedwhenIwasatendingPhilipsExeterAcademy.) Butthesearethedefectsofhisqualities,andinanycase hardlyjustifysuchviolentemotions. It is, Isuspect,hisideas, nothismanner,which"putsoff"people.Partlytheinsistence onsexasaprimaryfactorinourlives or rathertheconcrete attempttoworkoutspecificalyjustwhatthisprimacyimplies,forafterFreudsex ingeneral hasbeen,sotospeak,ac- ceptedinthebestintelectualcircles; it isonlywhensomeone insistsongettingspecificabout it thateveryonegetsangry. Butmoregeneraly,what"putsoff"peopleisGoodman's habitof folowinghisideasto theirrationalconclusionno materhow"absurd" itmayturnouttobe;andofspeculatingimaginativelyandfreelyoneverypossibleandimpossible occasion.Tosome,theseappeartobedefects;toothers,includingmyself,theyaregreatandrare meritsin a political thinker.Naturaly,I'mprejudicedinGoodman'sfavor,since myownthinkinghasbeeninfluencedbyhisideas,whereit hasnot,independently,cometoconclusionssimilartohis.But I cannot butadmiretheclarityanddepthofapassagelike this"A: freesocietycannotbethesubstitutionofa'neworder' fortheoldorder; it istheextensionofspheresoffreeaction untiltheymakeupmostofsociallife . . .Thelibertarianis ratheramilenarianthananutopian.Hedoesnotlookforward toafuturestateofthingswhichhetriestobringaboutby suspectmeans;buthedrawsnow,sofarashecan,onthe naturalforceinhimthatisnodifferentinkindfromwhat it willbeinafreesociety,exceptthatthere it willhavemore scopeandwillbeimmeasurablyreinforcedbymutualaidand fraternalconflict.Merelybycontinuingtoexistandact in natureandfreedom,thelibertarianwinsthevictory,establishesthesociety; it isnotnecessaryforhimtobethevictor over anyone.Whenhecreates,hewins;whenhecorrectshis prejudicesandhabits,hewins;whenheresistsandsufers,he wins.Isayit thiswayinordertoteachhonestpersonsnotto despondwhenitseemsthattheirearnestandhonestworkis without'influence.'Thelibertariandoesnotseektoinfluence groupsbuttoactinthenaturalgroupsessentialtohimfor mosthumanactionistheactionofgroups.Considerifseveral millionpersons,quiteapartfromany'political'intention,did onlynaturalworkthatgavethemfull joy!Thesystem ofexploitation woulddisperselikefoginahotwind.Butofwhat useistheaction,realybornofresentment,that isbenton correctingabusesyetneverdoesastrokeofnature? "Theactiondrawingonthemostnaturalforcewill infact 1_, _ e _ l _ establishitself.Mightisrignt.outdonotletmeviolentand
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