SUMMARY This article examines the main contribution which have appeared in the Italian press concerning the « Proudhon case», after the reevaluation of the French thinker by the secretary of the ltalian Socialist Party, Bettina Craxi, in a by-now « historical » interview. The analysis as presented by politologists and intellectuals regarding this subject, shows, on the one hand, their absolute ignorance of the writing of P. J. Proudhon in particular (and more generally of libertarian thought), and on the other hand, the instrumental and mystificatory character of the rediscovery of the French thinker, and the reformist tone of his utilisation. At the same time, the various criticisms of Proudhon are also taken into consideration, including those which, even thought they reject leninism, or through their rejection of leninism, try to rescue marxist thought. More generally, the authors try to show how the polemics which have arisen around Proudhon, leninism and the « third way » for the realisation of socialism are obvious symptoms of the by-now irreversible crisis of marxism as an ideology of human emancipation. In the writings of Marx, in fact, a real science of politics is lacking: Marx takes the transition from capitalism to communism for granted, and so does not concern himself with the institutional forms through which such a transition would manifest itself. The concept of the dictatorship of the proletariat only appears to fill this gap: in reality it is not a science, but an ideology in the pejorative sense of the word, since it mystifies the real nature of a form of power which is not exercised by the proletariat, but over the proletariat. Consequently, modern marxists cannot escape the alternatives, both of which are in effect inegalitarian, of either rejecting leninism through reference to liberal throught, or of continuing to accept Lenin with all the oppressive implications. The declared existence of a « third way » is an illusion, or a mystification. lt is by no means incidental that the socialist intellectuals, who have been re-evaluating the Proudhonian concept of self-management, forget that, for Proudhon, selfmanagement is the pre-supposition of a science of politics based on the negation of power and not on its acceptance. RESUMEN El articula toma en consideraci6n las principales intervenciones que aparecieron en la prensa italiana sobre el « caso Proudhon », luego de la re-evaluaci6n del pensador frances hecha por el Secretario del Partido Socialista Bettina Craxi, en una entrevista que se ha convertido en « hist6rica ». El andlisis de lo que los intelectuales, polit6logos, etc., han escrito sobre el tema demuestra por una parte, la absoluta ignorancia del pensamiento de P. J. Proudhon y en general del pensamiento libertario, y por otra, pone en evidencia el cardcter instrumental y mistificador del redescubrimiento de Proudhon y de su utilizaci6n en clave reformista. 26
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTExMDY2NQ==