Interrogations - anno III - n. 7 - giugno 1976

Summary Societies supposed to be «primitive» are, by definttton, statele_ss; in other words, the framework of power does not exist as a separate entity; it is exercised by all, is the wtll of the whole society behavtng as a unit. The man acting as «the head» is only entrusted with a certain number of tasks. He does not dispose of power, he only expresses a general wtll that he cannot transgress. Yet, according to most interpretattons and parttcularly EngelJ', primitive societies are necessartly at the start of a destrable evolutton which is caractertzed by a separation between society and power, the State presenting ttself as the agency commissioned to provtde the commonweal. · According to the author, such a view is loaded with tdeologiçal prejudtce. Primitive society is not at history degree zero: tt ts adult, refuses the division between the rulers and the ruled, it rejects inequality and protects itself agatnst the danger of the State. The State, therefore, has a date of birth; to know how and why it cornes to exist may help to reckon the possible causes of tts death. Aucun chef ne dirige les expéditions guerrières; ce sont les plus avisés et les plus entreprenants qui imposent leur avis et décident les plus hésitants. Il n'est d'ailleurs pas rare qu'W surgisse des désaccords sur ce qu'il convient de faire. Moins les participants. sont nombreux, plus l'expédition a des chances de réussir: il est difficile de conserver la cohésion d'un groupe trop important si aucun commandement ne s'y exerce, et c'est alors l'échec avant terme. La participation à un raid n'est pas imposée - perspnne n'a assez d'autorité pour le faire-, elle dépend uniquement du code moral en vigueur. H> Jacques Lizot Le cerclé des lèux Faits et dits des Indiens 11anomamt

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