Summary The .author of this article stresses the intutttons and foreca.sts of the anarchists about the rlse in the developed industrial world of a «new ruling class»: the technobureaucrats. These new masters may be defined as havtng a sort of intellectual property of the means of production; they possess the knowledge relative to the functtons of management of large economic structures. Thts new · privUege · ortgtnates from· the hierarchical division of· labor between tntellectual and manual workers; tt replaces the· former privtlege. of the bourgeoisie which relied on legal property. The most advanced ideology of this «new class» is constdered by anarchtsts as a vartety of authorltartan soctalism which mày be more· or less tinted with marxism; state control of the economy is defined in techntcal terms wtthout reference to the roots of inequaltty. This inequality ·is no longer presented as having historical or social roots: it appears as natural, based on meritocracy. The ideology of authoritarian socialism enables this «new class» to attack the capitalistic bourgeoisie with the lower classes serving as shock-troops; irontcally, by the very fact that the lower class consists in manual laborers, it is e:z:. cluded from the new privtlege. · Most libertartan anticipations stem from a clear-sighted criticism · of ideologies, programs and organizattonal structures of authoritarian socialtsms. The new form of class domination is identijied, for instance, in the hierarchical relation of the political party with the working class, in the concept of the dtctatorship of the proletariat, in the reformist or revolutionary take-over· of the economy by the state in the divtnizatton of science ... Yn this perspective, the author constders that vartous anarchist or libertartan thinkers, from Stirner to Bakunin, /rom Proudhon to Archinov, from Merlino to Armand, /rom Kropotkin to Makhai8ki present a common and coherent ground which beyond all diverstties may be reduced to a correct methodology. which unravels the ·structural elements o/ inequality and tdenti/tes them wtth the various histortcal Jorms these structural elements have adopted. Ce qu'il y a eu de plus échevelé dans les mythologies construites à partir du christianisme est d'une sagesse, d'une raison .·exemplaire à côté des discours stupéfiants que l'on a tenus du temps de Staline, que l'on tient autour de la Chine de Mao. Et en présence d'un tel mysticisme, 11va de soi qu'aucune expérience, aucune raison, aucune analyse ne sert. Le croyant de Gauche est médiéval. Surtout q,uand il est Intellectuel. Accoihpagnant èette religiosité, marquée par l'lnfaill1b111tédu Parti, s'est i~tallé le conformisme. La Gauche est pour ce temps la somme de tous les conformismes. Jacques Ellul «Trahison de.l'Occident» - Paris, 1975 1 104
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