JEAN BARRUÉ The industrial society thus endowed with a rational moral phtlosoph,y and a new religion will be supranational and will become the permanent structure of mankind. A general parliament will run the Education that will be directed towards a comprehensive tuition and a specialtzed vocational tratntng. To work in order to produce is an imperative rule of Satnt-Stmon's industrial system. Contrary to Sismondi, Satnt-Stmon felt more tnterest in the production than in the dtstribution. Modern wonomy seems precisel,y to have decided in favour of the conttnuous growth wh.ich according to Fourastie, to the Roma Club, to Meadow and to Sicco Mansholt leads to a dtsaster. Other economists say that this ts unwarranted pesstmism but all of them consider that the social services must be altered and an equalitarian and decentralized society aimed at. The libertarians, who do not believe in the qualtties of the continuous growth, express satisfaction at the adoptton of these positions. They also part /rom Saint-Simon on the question of the economie organization. They think that contrary to Proudhon's agricultural-tndustrial federatton the graduated hterarchy of abtlittes makes the rank and file producers simple executors of the decisions of the summit. It thus tends to the reign of the administrators to whom ability awards authorithy. The industriai party, SatntSimon says, must have a leader to synchronize all the movements. The anarchists reject this reign of « the scientific tntelligence, the most aristocratic and despotic of all forms of government » ( Bakunin). Neither do they believe in the constructive dialogue that could be hold between rulers and ruled /or the speakers are not on an eC/U,al footing and the admtnistrators' privileges are not questtoned. So tt is with the joint management (cf. Zimmerman's study in Interrogations n° I) and the mitigated forms of self-management that let the ownership system and the authoritarian hierarchtes substst. The management of the economy by the producers must be based on an equalitarian principle and must not connect a hierarchy of justified aoilities with a hierarchy of wages which perpetuates dtsparities. The author of this study refers you to Proudhon's dense criticism expounded in « What is property? » (1st memoir, Chap. 3). In fact /or centuries the point has been to assert the superiority of the well-considered brainwork over the so-called degrading manual labour. The rehabilttation of manual labour implies a radical change in educatton and teaching and here the author refers you to Stirner (« The wrong principles of education ») and to Proudhon who pratses the close associatton of tntellectual and manual work. The anarchists are not Saint-Stmonists but modern socialism seems to have redtscovered Satnt-Stmon if we are to judge by tts guiding principles. And this « left-wing » Saint-Simontsm ts connected with a « right-wing » Saint-Stmonism ; both want a change which would not intèrfere with the essenttal structures and would preserve hierarchtes. 34
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