CONTRO LA STORIA ed egualitaria· di essa. L'anarchismo presentandosi come uno spettro identico a se stesso ci ha fatto vedere, in questi cento anni, i molteplici colori dello sfruttamento e della disuguaglianza che si sono rifratti nella sua continuità. Summary This study suggests some hypotheses /or an accurate dejinition of the historiography of anarchism. Ideology and facts, in their respective realms, must be incessantly compared if we are to understand anarchism historicaUy. Such a comparison may explain to what extent the former has become a history of the latter. This method may also lead to work out an historicàl continuity as well as an overaU pattern of ho:,nogeneity and coherence /or the manifold social manifestations of anarchtsm which separately constdered may appear to the observer a.s conflicting or contradictory. As a matter of fact, anarchism is not to be identtfted with a spectfic social class that is exploited ; rather. it is to be assimilated to the revolutionary practice of various oppressed classes, every time these classes have ejfectively come into open conflict wtth statist authoritarianism and economie exploitation. T.his is not to say that a mere inventory of the revolutionary moments of the social history of these last hundred years would enable us to identify anarchism. Indeed, we would only find situations that suscitated direct action, self-management and free experimentation. Yet, if we must « read » the spontaneous and creative dimenstons of revolutionary actions, we must also consider what such actions meant to those explotted classes. Not only tl.<::se meanings have not found their theoretico-literary expression, but thetr practical everyday translation in numberless grassroots initiatives are absent even /rom a large number of « revolutionary » htstortographies - not to speak of ofjicial historiographers. It is the.refore possible to ground our interpretation on these initiatives, so . as to . consider the qualttattve leap /rom « classconsci,ousness » to « revolutionary-consciousness » - a change that found tts expresston when an historically ·rooted, organtzed anarchism was present and liVing with an ideologica! consciousness translated into a daily practice. The author concludes this study by applying this model of analysts to · the Russian and Spanish · revoluttons. Resumen .. Este estudio propone aigunas hip6tesis ])ara una definici6n de la historia del anarquisino. Una comprensi6n hist6rica del anarquismo exige la confrontaci6n continua entre el dominio propio a la ide6logia y el dominio de los hechos. Tal confrontaci6n puede expltcar en que medida la prtmera se ha hecho historia de los segundos. Este método tiende a establecer una conttnuida4 hist6rica entre las mutiples . formas soctales relactonadas con el anarquismo y por lo tanto a ver una 119
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