BERTOLO/LANZA de un cambto de métodos y estructuras puede que se produzca una transformación paulatina de la explotación capitalista en explotación tecno-burocráttca. El presente ensayo, tras una breve historia del «holding» estatal italiano, desde su fundación en la época fascista hasta su puesta al dta en el periodo «demo-cristiano» presenta, tras un análisis de sus estructuras, una interpretación de las funciones económicas, sociales y políticas del I.R.I., ast como de la naturaleza de sus «patronos». Summary The huge Italian public holding company, I.R.I. ( Industrial Reconstruction Institute), whtch ranks by its size among the greatest European societies ( Ist rank as regards man-power, 3rd rank as regards turn-over) provides a very interesting example of the interference of the State in the economy through which the technobureaucracy, the new rultng class progressively replacing the capitalist bourgeoisie, both spreads and grows stronger. A general holding and a series of branch-holdings coordinating State interests in the major or checking minor shareholding of a yreat many firms in &he key-spheres of the economy: this is the I.R.I. «pattern». It has been applied in Spain wtth the I.N.I. and we find it again, though as an experiment or a project, in France (with the I.D.I.) as well as in Germany (with the Bundesholding) 2nd Great Britain (with the N.E.B.) ... It is therefore interesting to analyse the I.R.I. in so far as it trascends the Italian economic and soeial context and exemplifies the tendancies of a European capitaltsm whtch is near the end of its evolution. They are the tendancies of the structures and methods through which seems to oe brought about the painless transition from a capitalist explottation to a techno-bureaucrattc one. A/ter a few words about the history of the Italian State holding since its founding in the fascist times up to its reorganization in the «demo-christian» era and after an analysis of its structures, this study tends to explain the economtc, social and political functions of the I.R.I. and the character of its «bosses». 102
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